[1] Liu, R., Surface modification of ASTM F-1537 Co-Cr alloy by low temperature plasma surface alloying, University of Birmingham, 2013.
[2] Shukla, K., Purandare, Y.P., Khan, I., Ehiasarian, A.P., Hovsepian, P.E.H., "Effect of nitriding voltage on the impact load fatigue and fracture toughness behaviour of CoCrMo alloy nitrided utilising a HIPIMS discharge", Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 400, pp. 126227, 2020.
[3] Shukla, K., Sugumaran, A.A., Khan, I., Ehiasarian, A.P., Hovsepian, P.E., "Low pressure plasma nitrided CoCrMo alloy utilising HIPIMS discharge for biomedical applications", Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, Vol. 111, pp. 104004, 2020.
[4] Alemón, B., Flores, M., Ramírez, W., Huegel, J.C., Broitman, E., "Tribocorrosion behavior and ions release of CoCrMo alloy coated with a TiAlVCN/CNx multilayer in simulated body fluid plus bovine serum albumin", Tribology International, Vol. 81, pp. 159–168, 2015.
[5] Hussein, M.A., Mohammed, A.S., Al-Aqeeli, N., "Wear characteristics of metallic biomaterials: a review", Materials, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 2749–2768, 2015.
[6] Bayrak, Ö., Kovaci, H., Yildiz, F., Yetim, A.F., Çelik, A., "Dry Sliding Wear Characteristics of Plasma-Nitrocarburized Co–Cr–Mo Alloy", Metal Science and Heat Treatment, Vol. 58, pp. 742–747, 2017.
[7] Lanning, B.R., Wei, R., "High intensity plasma ion nitriding of orthopedic materials: Part II. Microstructural analysis", Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 186, No. 1–2, pp. 314–319, 2004.
[8] Guo, Z., Pang, X., Yan, Y., Gao, K., Volinsky, A.A., Zhang, T.-Y., "CoCrMo alloy for orthopedic implant application enhanced corrosion and tribocorrosion properties by nitrogen ion implantation", Applied surface science, Vol. 347, pp. 23–34, 2015.
[9] Campos-Silva, I., Delgado-Brito, A.M., Oseguera-Peña, J., Martínez-Trinidad, J., Kahvecioglu-Feridun, O., Pasten-Borja, R.P., López-Suero, D., "Tribocorrosion resistance of borided ASTM F1537 alloy", Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 375, pp. 810–823, 2019.
[10] Aslan, M., Çomakli, O., Yazici, M., Yetim, A.F., Bayrak, Ö., Çelik, A., "The effect of plasma oxidation and nitridation on corrosion behavior of CoCrMo alloy in SBF solution", Surface Review and Letters, Vol. 25, No. 08, pp. 1950024, 2018.
[11] Chan, C.-W., Smith, G.C., Lee, S., "A preliminary study to enhance the tribological performance of CoCrMo alloy by fibre laser remelting for articular joint implant applications", Lubricants, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 24, 2018.
[12] van Hove, R.P., Sierevelt, I.N., van Royen, B.J., Nolte, P.A., "Titanium‐nitride coating of orthopaedic implants: a review of the literature", BioMed research international, Vol. 2015, No. 1, pp. 485975, 2015.
[13] Liu, J., Wang, X., Wu, B.J., Zhang, T.F., Leng, Y.X., Huang, N., "Tribocorrosion behavior of DLC-coated CoCrMo alloy in simulated biological environment", Vacuum, Vol. 92, pp. 39–43, 2013.
[14] Zhang, T.F., Deng, Q.Y., Liu, B., Wu, B.J., Jing, F.J., Leng, Y.X., Huang, N., "Wear and corrosion properties of diamond like carbon (DLC) coating on stainless steel, CoCrMo and Ti6Al4V substrates", Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 273, pp. 12–19, 2015.
[15] Bazzoni, A., Mischler, S., Espallargas, N., "Tribocorrosion of pulsed plasma-nitrided CoCrMo implant alloy", Tribology Letters, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 157–167, 2013.
[16] Okur, S., Structural, compositional and mechanical characterization of plasma nitrided CoCrMo alloy, Izmir Institute of Technology (Turkey), 2009.
[17] Chen, H., Yuan, D., Wu, A., Lin, X., Li, X., "Review of low-temperature plasma nitrogen fixation technology", Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy, Vol. 3, pp. 201–217, 2021.
[18] Fewell, M.P., Priest, J.M., Baldwin, M.J., Collins, G.A., Short, K.T., "Nitriding at low temperature", Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 131, No. 1–3, pp. 284–290, 2000.
[19] Nishimoto, A., Akamatsu, K., "Effect of Pre‐deforming on Low Temperature Plasma Nitriding of Austenitic Stainless Steel", Plasma Processes and Polymers, Vol. 6, No. S1, pp. S306–S309, 2009.
[20] Łosiewicz, B., Osak, P., Górka-Kulikowska, K., Maszybrocka, J., "Effect of artificial saliva modification on corrosion resistance of metal oxide coatings on Co-CR-MO dental alloy", Materials, Vol. 17, No. 21, pp. 5166, 2024.
[21] Lone, S.A., Mardare, A.I., Kleber, C., Walter Hassel, A., "Construction of a Engineering, Applications in Composites, Nanostructured Mateiasl and Biomedical Fields, pp. 1–21, 2019.
[22] Silva, R.N.A., Neto, R., Vieira, A., Leite, P., Radi, P., da Silveira, C.H., Santos, M.D., Viana, F., et al., "Wear Rate, Tribo-Corrosion, and Plastic Deformation Values of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy in Ringer Lactate Solution", Materials, Vol. 17, No. 10, pp. 2327, 2024.
[23] Thapa, M., Sun, Y., Keaty, B., Takoudis, C., Mathew, M., "Corrosion risk analysis of CoCrMo alloy as a function of microstructure: Biomedical applications", Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 497, pp. 131757, 2025.
[24] Wang, Q., Zhang, L., Shen, H., "Microstructure analysis of plasma nitrided cast/forged CoCrMo alloys", Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 205, No. 7, pp. 2654–2660, 2010.
[25] Çelik, A., Bayrak, Ö., Alsaran, A., Kaymaz, İ., Yetim, A.F., "Effects of plasma nitriding on mechanical and tribological properties of CoCrMo alloy", Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 202, No. 11, pp. 2433–2438, 2008.
[26] BAYRAK, Ö., YETİM, A.F., ALSARAN, A., ÇELİK, A., "Fatigue life determination of plasma nitrided medical grade CoCrMo alloy", Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 303–309, 2010.
[27] Kaya, B., Yılmaz, S., Ergun, C., "Ion Nitriding of CoCrMo Alloys", Defect and Diffusion Forum, Vol. 297, pp. 82–87, 2010.
[28] Liu, R., Li, X., Hu, X., Dong, H., "Surface modification of a medical grade Co‐Cr‐Mo alloy by low-temperature plasma surface alloying with nitrogen and carbon", Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 232, pp. 906–911, 2013.
[29] Lin, X., Dechun, B., Qing, W., Zeng, L., "Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Plasma Nitrided Biomedical CoCrMo Alloys", Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 51–56, 2017.
[30] Ba, D.C., Xu, L., Wang, Q., "Effects of plasma nitriding ion beam flux density and time on the properties of CoCrMo alloy", Vacuum, Vol. 119, pp. 214–222, 2015.
[31] Taghizadeh, T.A., Aghajani, H., Saghafian, H., Farhang, L.F., "Studying the Wear Behavior of applied coats on Titanium by Chromium Electroplating and Plasma Nitriding Processes", 2021.
[32] Callister Jr, W.D., Rethwisch, D.G., Materials science and engineering: an introduction, John wiley & sons, 2020.
[33] Atkins, P.W., De Paula, J., Keeler, J., Atkins’ physical chemistry, Oxford university press, 2023.
[34] Noli, F., Pichon, L., Öztürk, O., "The influence of plasma-based nitriding and oxidizing treatments on the mechanical and corrosion properties of CoCrMo biomedical alloy", Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 49, pp. 1383–1396, 2018.
[35] Taghizadeh, T.A., Aghajani, H., Farhang, L.F., "Effect of Plasma Nitriding Treatment on the Chromium Layer Applied on Space Structure to Avoid Cold Weld", 2021.
[36] Tabrizi, A.T., Aghajani, H., Laleh, F.F., "Tribological characterization of hybrid chromium nitride thin layer synthesized on titanium", Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 419, pp. 127317, 2021.
[37] Narushima, T., Ueda, K., Alfirano, "Co-Cr alloys as effective metallic biomaterials", Advances in metallic biomaterials: tissues, materials and biological reactions, pp. 157–178, 2015.
[38] Ajayi, O.O., Lee, R.H., Cook, R.E., "Plasma etching of structural ceramics for microstructural analysis", Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 169, No. 1–2, pp. L5–L7, 1993.
[39] Praveen, K.M., Pious, C. V, Thomas, S., Grohens, Y., "Non-thermal plasma technology for polymeric materials", Applications in Composites, Nanostructured Mateiasl and Biomedical Fields, pp. 1–21, 2019.
[40] Pollock, T.M., Murphy, W.H., Goldman, E.H., Uram, D.L., Tu, J.S., "Grain defect formation during directional solidification of nickel base single crystals", Superalloys, Vol. 1992, pp. 125–134, 1992.
[41] Davis, A.E., Wainwright, J., Sahu, V.K., Dreelan, D., Chen, X., Ding, J., Flint, T., Williams, S., et al., "Achieving a Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition Through Dendrite Twinning in High Deposition Rate Additively Manufactured Titanium Alloys", Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, pp. 1–23, 2024.
[42] Mehrer, H., Diffusion in solids: fundamentals, methods, materials, diffusion-controlled processes, Springer Science & Business Media, 2007.
[43] Wang, Q., Zhang, L., Dong, J., "Effects of Plasma Nitriding on Microstructure and Tribological Properties of CoCrMo Alloy Implant Materials", Journal of Bionic Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 337–344, 2010.
[44] Petraitienė, A., "The modeling of nitrogen mass transport in CoCr alloys", Rural Sustainability Research, Vol. 36, No. 331, pp. 19–26, 2016.
[45] Shukla, K., Purandare, Y., Sugumaran, A., Loch, D., Ehiasarian, A., Khan, I., Hovsepian, P., "A new approach towards performing plasma nitriding of CrCoMo medical grade alloys using HIPIMS discharge", 64th Annual Technical Conference Proceedings, 2021.
[46] Zhao, G.-H., Aune, R.E., Espallargas, N., "Tribocorrosion studies of metallic biomaterials: The effect of plasma nitriding and DLC surface modifications", Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, Vol. 63, pp. 100–114, 2016.
[47] Krishna Kumar, K., Anburaj, J., Dhanasekar, R., Satishkumar, T., Abuthakir, J., Manikandan, P., Subramanian, R., "Kinetics of Cr 2 N precipitation and its effect on pitting corrosion of nickel-free high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel", Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol. 29, pp. 6044–6052, 2020.
[48] Gharavi, M.A., Greczynski, G., Eriksson, F., Lu, J., Balke, B., Fournier, D., Le Febvrier, A., Pallier, C., et al., "Synthesis and characterization of single-phase epitaxial Cr 2 N thin films by reactive magnetron sputtering", Journal of materials science, Vol. 54, pp. 1434–1442, 2019.
[49] Holländer Pettersson, N., Lindell, D., Lindberg, F., Borgenstam, A., "Formation of chromium nitride and intragranular austenite in a super duplex stainless steel", Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 50, pp. 5594–5601, 2019.
[50] Galdikas, A., Petraitienė, A., "Modeling of nitrogen penetration in medical grade CoCrMo alloy during plasma nitriding", Materials Science, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 25–29, 2014.
[51] Evgeny, B., Hughes, T., Eskin, D., "Effect of surface roughness on corrosion behaviour of low carbon steel in inhibited 4 M hydrochloric acid under laminar and turbulent flow conditions", Corrosion Science, Vol. 103, pp. 196–205, 2016.
